Unprecedented International Effort to Prevent Shark Finning Blocked by Japan and China
ICCAT meeting ends in dramatic defeat of proposal to end at-sea fin removal while other shark safeguards advance
Limassol, Cyprus - This year’s meeting of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) has ended with a dramatic showdown over shark finning with Belize calling for a rare vote, only to be thwarted by Japan and China. ICCAT did manage to finalize protections for devil rays, mantas and whale sharks, and took steps to improve countries’ compliance with existing requirements to report and limit shark catch.
For sixteen years, the US, Belize and Brazil have led a multilateral effort to strengthen ICCAT’s finning ban by requiring that sharks be landed with their fins naturally attached, a policy that is widely regarded as best practice for enforcement and also helpful for shark catch data collection. This year, the proposal gained a record 42 co-sponsors (roughly 80 per cent of ICCAT Parties), but Japan and China once again blocked consensus. In the final hours of the eight-day meeting, Belize valiantly attempted to settle the matter with a vote, an action rarely seen within consensus-based international fisheries bodies. After vigorous opposition from Japan and confusion over process, the Chair convinced the room to yield, leaving the issue unresolved.
“We are exasperated that a strong, enforceable shark finning ban has once again been blocked by essentially two countries, despite clear scientific advice and overwhelming support from governments and conservationists alike. This failure marks twenty years of an ICCAT finning ban that is unacceptably difficult to enforce, continuing the risk of atrocious waste for some of the Atlantic’s most vulnerable animals,” said Sonja Fordham, President of Shark Advocates International. “We urge countries to continue implementing fins-naturally-attached rules at the national level and to press on with the work of this unprecedented coalition to close finning ban loopholes at all international fisheries bodies.”
The Shark League thanked Belize, US, Brazil, Canada, UK and EU for persisting with proposals to strengthen ICCAT’s finning ban over many years and welcomed new support from the Republic of Korea, Costa Rica and the Philippines.
The UK won a two-year effort to ban retention and promote the safe release of manta and devil rays. The EU secured similar protections for whale sharks and previewed plans to propose expanding them to basking and white sharks next year. The UK had insufficient support to secure a special 2025 meeting focused on curbing incidental mortality of shortfin mako sharks.
“We’re grateful to the UK and EU for closing gaps in the protection of several threatened species that have been overlooked by fisheries bodies despite longstanding protected status under wildlife treaties,” said Ali Hood, Director of Conservation for the Shark Trust. “At the same time, we highlight the need to extend safeguards to similarly vulnerable sharks that have yet to garner the conservation spotlight, such as longfin makos and common threshers. We also urge all ICCAT Parties to join the UK in reducing the egregious bycatch of endangered shortfin makos, as a matter of priority.”
ICCAT’S Compliance Committee scrutinized adherence to ICCAT’s shark measures through examination of Parties’ reports. Mexico and Ghana were among the countries called out to explain lacking data and regulations for sharks.
“Many countries have made progress in recent years in reporting on their shark catches and the national regulations needed to fulfill ICCAT shark conservation mandates,” said Shannon Arnold, Marine Program Associate Director for the Ecology Action Centre. “Despite these advances, critical gaps in data and implementation persist. Particularly concerning is the lack of reporting on the sharks that fleets discard at sea and information on relevant domestic regulations, which are needed to verify compliance with treaty obligations. These gaps reinforce the pressing need for ICCAT to establish a clear process for evaluating countries’ requests for exemptions to shark measures.”
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Media contact:
Shannon Arnold
Associate Director, Marine Programs | Ecology Action Centre
sarnold@ecologyaction.ca
+1-902-329-4668
Notes to Editors: Shark Advocates International is a project of The Ocean Foundation dedicated to securing science-based policies for sharks and rays. The Shark Trust is a UK charity working to safeguard the future of sharks through positive change. Ecology Action Centre promotes sustainable, ocean-based livelihoods and marine conservation in Canada and internationally. PADI AWARE is a global movement for ocean protection powered by a community of adventurers. These groups, with support from the Shark Conservation Fund, formed the Shark League of the Atlantic and Mediterranean to advance responsible regional shark and ray conservation policies.
Responsible for conservation of tunas and tuna-like species in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas, ICCAT has 53 Contracting Parties.
Proposals from the EU and UK to protect whale sharks and mobula rays received strong support at the 2023 ICCAT meeting, but Japan and China secured a condition that measures would not take effect until ICCAT scientists confirmed the vulnerability of these species.
Thanks to special funding from the Animal Welfare Institute and the Big Shark Pledge, the Shark League hosted an ICCAT reception featuring speakers representing the US, Belize, Brazil, EU, Canada and the UK who reviewed the many practical advantages of fins-naturally-attached policies for small and large-scale fisheries.
The proposal to strengthen ICCAT’s shark finning ban was submitted by the US and Canada, and cosponsored by Albania, Algeria, Angola, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Egypt, El Salvador, EU, France (on behalf of Saint Pierre & Miquelon), Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Iceland, Republic of Korea, Liberia, Libya, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, the Philippines, São Tomé e Príncipe, Senegal, South Africa, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Trinidad & Tobago, UK and Venezuela.
The US, UK, EU, Costa Rica, Republic of Korea, Brazil, South Africa, Canada, Guinea, Guatemala, St. Vincent & the Grenadines and Barbados expressed support for the fins-naturally-attached proposal during the floor debate.
Shark finning factsheets, the Shark League ICCAT-CITES gap analysis, Bridging the Gaps that Hinder Shark Conservation: An analysis of ICCAT Parties’ policies for CITES-listed Atlantic elasmobranchs, and supporting materials are available at www.sharkleague.org.